10 Greatest Inventions by Muslims
1. Coffee
The story goes that an Arab named Khalid was tending his goats in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia, when he noticed hi s animals became livelier after eating a certain berry. He boiled the berries to make the first coffee. Certainly the first record of the drink is of beans exported from Ethiopia to Yemen where Sufis drank it to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions. By the late 15th century it had arrived in Mecca and Turkey from where it made its way to Venice in 1645. It was brought to England in 1650 by a Turk named Pasqua Rosee who opened the first coffee house in Lombard Street in the City of London . The Arabic qahwa became the Turkish kahve then the Italian caff© and then English coffee.
2. Chess
A form of chess was played in ancient India but the game was developed into the form we know it today in Persia. From there i t spread westward to Europe - where it was introduced by the Moors in Spain in the 10th century - and eastward as far as Japan. The word rook comes from the Persian rukh, which means chariot.
3. Parachute
A thousand years before the Wright brothers a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas ibn Firnas made several attempts to construct a flying machine. In 852 he jumped from the minaret of the Grand Mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened with wooden struts. He hoped to glide like a bird. He didn't. But the cloak slowed his fall, creating what is thought to be the first parachute, and leaving him with only minor injuries. In 875, aged 70, having perfected a machine of silk and eagles' feathers he tried again, jumping from a mountain. He flew to a significant height and stayed aloft for ten minutes but crashed on landing - concluding, correctly, that it was because he had not given his device a tail so it would stall on landing. Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon are named after him.
4. Shampoo
Washing and bathing are religious requirements for Muslims, which is perhaps why they perfected the recipe for soap which we still use today. The ancient Egyptians had soap of a kind, as did the Romans who used it more as a pomade. But it was the Arabs who combined vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide and aromatics such as thyme oil. One of the Crusaders' most striking characteristics, to Arab nostrils, was that they did not wash. Shampoo was introduced to England by a Muslim who opened Mahomed's Indian Vapour Baths on Brighton seafront in 1759 and was appointed Shampooing Surgeon to Kings George IV and William IV.
5. Metal Armor
Quilting is a method of sewing or tying two layers of cloth with a layer of insulating material in between. It is not clear whether it was invented in the Muslim world or whether it was imported there from India or China. But it certainly came to the West via the Crusaders. They saw it used by Saracen warriors, who wore straw-filled quilted canvas shirts instead of armour. As well as a form of protection, it proved an effective guard against the chafing of the Crusaders' metal armour and was an effective form of insulation - so much so that it became a cottage industry back home in colder climates such as Britain and Holland.
6. Surgery
Many modern surgical instruments are of exactly the same design as those devised in the 10th century by a Muslim surgeon called al-Zahrawi. His scalpels, bone saws, forceps, fine scissors for eye surgery and many of the 200 instruments he devised are recognisable to a modern surgeon. It was he who discovered that catgut used for internal stitches dissolves away naturally (a discovery he made when his monkey ate his lute strings) and that it can be also used to make medicine capsules. In the 13th century, another Muslim medic named Ibn Nafis described the circulation of the blood, 300 years before William Harvey discovered it. Muslims doctors also invented anaesthetics of opium and alcohol mixes and developed hollow needles to suck cataracts from eyes in a technique still used today.
7. Soup
Ali ibn Nafi, known by his nickname of Ziryab (Blackbird) came from Iraq to Cordoba in the 9th century and brought with him the concept of the three-course meal - soup, followed by fish or meat, then fruit and nuts. He also introduced crystal glasses
8. Pay Cheques
The modern cheque comes from the Arabic saqq, a written vow to pay for goods when they were delivered, to avoid money having to be transported across dangerous terrain. In the 9th century, a Muslim businessman could cash a cheque in China drawn on his bank in Baghdad.
9. Rocket and Torpedo
Though the Chinese invented saltpetre gunpowder, and used it in their fireworks, it was the Arabs who worked out that it could be purified using potassium nitrate for military use. Muslim incendiary devices terrified the Crusaders. By the 15th century they had invented both a rocket, which they called a "self-moving and combusting egg", and a torpedo - a self-propelled pear-shaped bomb with a spear at the front which impaled itself in enemy ships and then blew up.
10. Windmill
The windmill was invented in 634 for a Persian caliph and was used to grind corn and draw up water for irrigation. In the va st deserts of Arabia, when the seasonal streams ran dry, the only source of power was the wind which blew steadily from one direction for months. Mills had six or 12 sails covered in fabric or palm leaves. It was 500 years before the first windmill was seen in Europe.
10 Greatest Inventions By Muslims
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Buffmaster
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darklighter1
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No, I'am not a Muslim, posting a list does not make you a muslim.
Big Red died 23 NOV 2001
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raum
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Your article is factually wrong on all counts. It is a advertisement for a Islamic nonprofit. The guy who wrote the original is a hack with no idea of military history, Muslim history, or even how to work a friggin calculator!!! He copied his ¢‚¬Å“data¢‚¬ designed to get people to see an exhibit at the Museum in Manchester. The original source cited by the article is 10001inventions.com. They are not willing to say they are ¢‚¬Å“factual¢‚¬ but that they are designed to increase awareness of the Muslim contribution to the world.
Coffee ¢‚¬œ [DEBUNK] The Khalid story is a ¢‚¬Å“folk tale¢‚¬ introduced by merchants trying to make coffee seem more exotic. The ¢‚¬Å“envigorating¢‚¬ powers of ¢‚¬Å“buno¢‚¬ (Coffee Beans in the region of Kaffe) were known some 1,000 years before the drink was exported. These beans were mealed by Falasha Ethiopians and stuck together with animal fat in frittered balls. But also, buno were roasted at the table in butter, and the butter was served in boiling liquid while the beans were consumed. The origins of ¢‚¬Å“steeping¢‚¬ well reside within China, and predate the Muslim faith, and down the silk road came the idea to steep the beans. Steeping Coffee was done often before the legend mentioned, and well before legend that accompanied its journey to Italy, where it flourished.
Chess ¢‚¬œ [DEBUNK] The oldest game of Chess is Hsiang Qi (Heavenly Game), and is still played and known as Chinese Chess. It was played with the same rules in 4th Century Xin Na province, and was used to standardize and teach Strategy to Inheritors to the Throne in the Yellow city and men whose lineage would lead them to be come Generals. It is a training exercise in the Art of War as per the Tien Ming, or Divine Providence (King as Emissary of God on Earth, as the sun is the Emissary of God in Sky). It includes 2 armies of 16 pieces with specific move patterns, standing opposing each other in a field of 64 squares divided into two sections. These two sections are divided by a ¢‚¬Å“river¢‚¬, which represents the loss of authentic China at the Chu River, on the Han border. Certain pieces can not cross the river, and this marks one of the two big differences between this and modern chess. The other difference of note is that there is no Queen, and the pieces are not in two even ranks of eight. Hsiang Qi is undeniably the invention of Chess, and still a better game in many ways. We could play on my board if someone is in the area!
Parachute ¢‚¬œ [Technically] He did not create a parachute, per se. He created a Kite big enough to carry a human. The oldest kite on record is in the works of the philosopher Mo Tse, and his design still works and is in use. This was late in his life, so close to 376 BC, though he likely picked the idea up in Indonesia. But even this is not really the origin. See, a Kite is a Sail, which is defined as a type of surface intended to generate thrust by being placed in a wind. Sails were used in ancient Samathracian and Greek times, since about 776 BC. Even before then, they were probably used, but there construction was likely makeshift.
Shampoo ¢‚¬œ [DEBUNK] The History of Soap, which is arguably not even African, and may be CELTIC has nothing to do with the origin of ¢‚¬Å“Shampoo.¢‚¬ Shampoo means ¢‚¬Å“massage¢‚¬ and was well in use in Turkish bathhouses in France and even Lousiana and other French Colonies before Kings decided to become more Continental and have ¢‚¬Å“shampoo surgeons¢‚¬. Besides which Dean Sake Mohamed left Bangladesh, and became the envoy of an Irish solider at the age of 11. He was in Ireland before he reached manhood, and was hardly a practicing Muslim. He dressed in European clothes, has a Christian wife, drank alcohol, and introduced many elements of French culture as though they were from his native country. He was a great merchant, and a horrible businessman.
Metal Armor ¢‚¬œ [DEBUNK] Plate Metal Armor was used pre-Midevial times. The breastplate of Moses was armor, complete with shoulderplates and a pieces for arms and head. Armor does not make you move like a robot, and weighs less than a full ruck in the modern arsenal of American soldier, about 60 pounds. During the Crusades, few even wore padded armor, as even foot soldiers wore Brigadine (leather reinforced with plate), and even infantry wore Chainmail Hauberk and a kettle hat. Even more sensational (and unrelated) is the claim to padded armor, of which the Bambakion and Epilorikon were the Byzantine versions that inspired the Saracens to make their own, and far. This was a pathetic claim. The creator of the turtle invented armor. Duh.
Verdict ¢‚¬œ Best I can figure out, this person is talking about a brigadine Jacket, which became more prevalent after the end of the 14th century, due to its comfort level. They have no clue about anything military, and are regurgitating information that have not processed.
Surgery ¢‚¬œ [Embellishment] al Zahrawi was a great man, and led to a revision of the use of sugery, but the oldest known text on Surgery is the Susrutha Samhita, and even includes cosmetic surgery! It was written by Sushruta, a surgeon who practiced and taught in 600 BC, on the banks of the Ganges River. Hua To was the Chinese physician who first employed opiates (poppy wine) for anesthesia during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He was called upon to treat a illness that turned out to be a brain tumor, and was planning a surgery, which was mistaken for an assassination attempt. He was jailed and all two pages of his book Qing Nang Shu on surgery were destroyed. One of those pages, one is the famous picture of the body with all the pressure points that everyone has seen.
Soup ¢‚¬œ [PIPEDREAM] Ali ibn Nafi (probably an African slave who was the object of his master¢‚¬„¢s affection, hence the semi-romantic nickname ¢‚¬Å“Blackbird¢‚¬) surpassed his masters skill with the ¢‚¬Ëœud, and was forced out of Baghdad. He excelled in establishing elegance in the arts of court, including meals and celebrations, and he was the original ¢‚¬Å“Queer Eye for the Straight Guy.¢‚¬ He BROUGHT crystal glassware and course based meals into fashion, not Europe. It was the Jews (as in Jewelery) who were cutting glasses and bowls from crystal before the end of the reign of Solomon. The oldest ¢‚¬Å“course-based¢‚¬ meal protocol is from Religious ceremonies. The Hebrew ¢‚¬Å“Seder¢‚¬ plate is a sequence based sacrament that predates Islam.
Checks ¢‚¬œ [In name only] written orders to provide payment on demand are included in the Babylonian code of Hammurabi, the oldest written form of Law known to man. These are older than the Arabic contribution to the ancient tradition of Banking.
Rockets and Torpedos ¢‚¬œ [bullcrap] in 850 AD SaltPetre (Potassium Nitrate) was added to gunpowder to make for a cleaner burn and greater thrust by THE CHINESE who defended their kingdom from the Great Wall. The first recorded used of a propelled rocket was in 1132, by THE CHINESE. Arabs didn¢‚¬„¢t even see it until the 13th century AD. Roger Bacon had already written : In Bacon's "De Secretis Operibus Artis et Naturae" in 1248, he states:
We can, with saltpeter and other substances, compose artificially a fire that can be launched over long distances... By only using a very small quantity of this material much light can be created accompanied by a horrible fracas. It is possible with it to destroy a town or an army ... In order to produce this artificial lightning and thunder it is necessary to take saltpeter, sulfur, and Luru Vopo Vir Can Utriet. (last part is a decoded anagram for other parts,.. knowledge is power..)
The English decided it was too costly and too unstable to use until it became crucial to keep an advantage. Joanes De Fontana designed the first surface running rocket, and it was pear shaped. And he was Catholic. They took this sensational claim off their website when it was revealed the ¢‚¬Å“professor¢‚¬ who wrote was ignorant of this fact.
Windmill ¢‚¬œ [Impossible] Created by a ¢‚¬Å“Muslim¢‚¬ in 634? Amazing in that Mohammed died in 632, huh? did the Muslims invent Time Travel, as well? Persian Caliph? At the death of Mohammed, Abu Akbar reighed as Caliph (spiritual successor to Mohammed) from 632 to 634, when he died. There still was not a Persian leader who was Muslim until at least 650.
Most of these are like the guy who created the omlette taking credit for inventing the chicken's ass...
flush this thread.
Coffee ¢‚¬œ [DEBUNK] The Khalid story is a ¢‚¬Å“folk tale¢‚¬ introduced by merchants trying to make coffee seem more exotic. The ¢‚¬Å“envigorating¢‚¬ powers of ¢‚¬Å“buno¢‚¬ (Coffee Beans in the region of Kaffe) were known some 1,000 years before the drink was exported. These beans were mealed by Falasha Ethiopians and stuck together with animal fat in frittered balls. But also, buno were roasted at the table in butter, and the butter was served in boiling liquid while the beans were consumed. The origins of ¢‚¬Å“steeping¢‚¬ well reside within China, and predate the Muslim faith, and down the silk road came the idea to steep the beans. Steeping Coffee was done often before the legend mentioned, and well before legend that accompanied its journey to Italy, where it flourished.
Chess ¢‚¬œ [DEBUNK] The oldest game of Chess is Hsiang Qi (Heavenly Game), and is still played and known as Chinese Chess. It was played with the same rules in 4th Century Xin Na province, and was used to standardize and teach Strategy to Inheritors to the Throne in the Yellow city and men whose lineage would lead them to be come Generals. It is a training exercise in the Art of War as per the Tien Ming, or Divine Providence (King as Emissary of God on Earth, as the sun is the Emissary of God in Sky). It includes 2 armies of 16 pieces with specific move patterns, standing opposing each other in a field of 64 squares divided into two sections. These two sections are divided by a ¢‚¬Å“river¢‚¬, which represents the loss of authentic China at the Chu River, on the Han border. Certain pieces can not cross the river, and this marks one of the two big differences between this and modern chess. The other difference of note is that there is no Queen, and the pieces are not in two even ranks of eight. Hsiang Qi is undeniably the invention of Chess, and still a better game in many ways. We could play on my board if someone is in the area!
Parachute ¢‚¬œ [Technically] He did not create a parachute, per se. He created a Kite big enough to carry a human. The oldest kite on record is in the works of the philosopher Mo Tse, and his design still works and is in use. This was late in his life, so close to 376 BC, though he likely picked the idea up in Indonesia. But even this is not really the origin. See, a Kite is a Sail, which is defined as a type of surface intended to generate thrust by being placed in a wind. Sails were used in ancient Samathracian and Greek times, since about 776 BC. Even before then, they were probably used, but there construction was likely makeshift.
Shampoo ¢‚¬œ [DEBUNK] The History of Soap, which is arguably not even African, and may be CELTIC has nothing to do with the origin of ¢‚¬Å“Shampoo.¢‚¬ Shampoo means ¢‚¬Å“massage¢‚¬ and was well in use in Turkish bathhouses in France and even Lousiana and other French Colonies before Kings decided to become more Continental and have ¢‚¬Å“shampoo surgeons¢‚¬. Besides which Dean Sake Mohamed left Bangladesh, and became the envoy of an Irish solider at the age of 11. He was in Ireland before he reached manhood, and was hardly a practicing Muslim. He dressed in European clothes, has a Christian wife, drank alcohol, and introduced many elements of French culture as though they were from his native country. He was a great merchant, and a horrible businessman.
Metal Armor ¢‚¬œ [DEBUNK] Plate Metal Armor was used pre-Midevial times. The breastplate of Moses was armor, complete with shoulderplates and a pieces for arms and head. Armor does not make you move like a robot, and weighs less than a full ruck in the modern arsenal of American soldier, about 60 pounds. During the Crusades, few even wore padded armor, as even foot soldiers wore Brigadine (leather reinforced with plate), and even infantry wore Chainmail Hauberk and a kettle hat. Even more sensational (and unrelated) is the claim to padded armor, of which the Bambakion and Epilorikon were the Byzantine versions that inspired the Saracens to make their own, and far. This was a pathetic claim. The creator of the turtle invented armor. Duh.
Verdict ¢‚¬œ Best I can figure out, this person is talking about a brigadine Jacket, which became more prevalent after the end of the 14th century, due to its comfort level. They have no clue about anything military, and are regurgitating information that have not processed.
Surgery ¢‚¬œ [Embellishment] al Zahrawi was a great man, and led to a revision of the use of sugery, but the oldest known text on Surgery is the Susrutha Samhita, and even includes cosmetic surgery! It was written by Sushruta, a surgeon who practiced and taught in 600 BC, on the banks of the Ganges River. Hua To was the Chinese physician who first employed opiates (poppy wine) for anesthesia during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He was called upon to treat a illness that turned out to be a brain tumor, and was planning a surgery, which was mistaken for an assassination attempt. He was jailed and all two pages of his book Qing Nang Shu on surgery were destroyed. One of those pages, one is the famous picture of the body with all the pressure points that everyone has seen.
Soup ¢‚¬œ [PIPEDREAM] Ali ibn Nafi (probably an African slave who was the object of his master¢‚¬„¢s affection, hence the semi-romantic nickname ¢‚¬Å“Blackbird¢‚¬) surpassed his masters skill with the ¢‚¬Ëœud, and was forced out of Baghdad. He excelled in establishing elegance in the arts of court, including meals and celebrations, and he was the original ¢‚¬Å“Queer Eye for the Straight Guy.¢‚¬ He BROUGHT crystal glassware and course based meals into fashion, not Europe. It was the Jews (as in Jewelery) who were cutting glasses and bowls from crystal before the end of the reign of Solomon. The oldest ¢‚¬Å“course-based¢‚¬ meal protocol is from Religious ceremonies. The Hebrew ¢‚¬Å“Seder¢‚¬ plate is a sequence based sacrament that predates Islam.
Checks ¢‚¬œ [In name only] written orders to provide payment on demand are included in the Babylonian code of Hammurabi, the oldest written form of Law known to man. These are older than the Arabic contribution to the ancient tradition of Banking.
Rockets and Torpedos ¢‚¬œ [bullcrap] in 850 AD SaltPetre (Potassium Nitrate) was added to gunpowder to make for a cleaner burn and greater thrust by THE CHINESE who defended their kingdom from the Great Wall. The first recorded used of a propelled rocket was in 1132, by THE CHINESE. Arabs didn¢‚¬„¢t even see it until the 13th century AD. Roger Bacon had already written : In Bacon's "De Secretis Operibus Artis et Naturae" in 1248, he states:
We can, with saltpeter and other substances, compose artificially a fire that can be launched over long distances... By only using a very small quantity of this material much light can be created accompanied by a horrible fracas. It is possible with it to destroy a town or an army ... In order to produce this artificial lightning and thunder it is necessary to take saltpeter, sulfur, and Luru Vopo Vir Can Utriet. (last part is a decoded anagram for other parts,.. knowledge is power..)
The English decided it was too costly and too unstable to use until it became crucial to keep an advantage. Joanes De Fontana designed the first surface running rocket, and it was pear shaped. And he was Catholic. They took this sensational claim off their website when it was revealed the ¢‚¬Å“professor¢‚¬ who wrote was ignorant of this fact.
Windmill ¢‚¬œ [Impossible] Created by a ¢‚¬Å“Muslim¢‚¬ in 634? Amazing in that Mohammed died in 632, huh? did the Muslims invent Time Travel, as well? Persian Caliph? At the death of Mohammed, Abu Akbar reighed as Caliph (spiritual successor to Mohammed) from 632 to 634, when he died. There still was not a Persian leader who was Muslim until at least 650.
Most of these are like the guy who created the omlette taking credit for inventing the chicken's ass...
flush this thread.
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trashtalkr
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Lol....wow Raum
"If there were no eternal consciousness in a man, if at the bottom of everything there were only a wild ferment, a power that twisting in dark passions produced everything great or inconsequential; if an unfathomable insatiable emptiness lay hid beneath everything, what would life be but despair?"
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Aemeth
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jdog
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They also invented the suicide bomber. Not the same as Japan's kamakazi pilots.
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Brains
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... and batteries...
they did, didn't they?! /dry.gif" style="vertical-align:middle" emoid="<_<" border="0" alt="dry.gif" />
they did, didn't they?! /dry.gif" style="vertical-align:middle" emoid="<_<" border="0" alt="dry.gif" />
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raum
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QUOTE(Brains @ Jan 19 2007, 12:58 PM) ... and batteries...
they did, didn't they?! /dry.gif" style="vertical-align:middle" emoid="<_<" border="0" alt="dry.gif" />
No, the "Baghdad Batteries" were dated well before the beginnings of Islam, or when Muslims occupied Babylon.
they did, didn't they?! /dry.gif" style="vertical-align:middle" emoid="<_<" border="0" alt="dry.gif" />
No, the "Baghdad Batteries" were dated well before the beginnings of Islam, or when Muslims occupied Babylon.
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Brains
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